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Palm oil is used around the world in such foods as margarine, shortening, cooking oil, soups, sauces, crackers and other baked goods, and confectionary products. After soybean oil, it is the most widely used oil. It is highly versatile and can be substituted for hard animal fats (butter and lard); for soy, olive, or canola liquid vegetable oils; and for partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, a staple of the baking, fast-food, and other industries.
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In the large- and medium-scale mills the above-mentioned waste products are all put to economically useful purpose. They could therefore be referred to as by-products rather than waste products. Wet, empty bunches are partly dried in the sun and later used as fuel. Another economic use for the empty bunches is to return them to the plantation as a mulch to enhance moisture retention and organic matter in the soil.
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The palm kernel shell is also used as a source of fuel for the boilers. Unfortunately the shell contains silicates that form a scale in the boilers if too much shell is fed to the furnace, thus limiting the amount of shell that can be utilized in the boilers. Residual shell is disposed of as gravel for plantation roads maintenance. Blacksmiths also buy the shells to use as fuel material in their casting and forging operations.
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The processing steps designed to extract, from a harvested oil palm bunch, a high yield of a product of acceptable quality for the international edible oil trade involves the reception of fresh fruit bunches from the plantations, sterilizing and threshing of the bunches to free the palm fruit, mashing the fruit and pressing out the crude palm oil. The crude oil is further treated to purify and dry it for storage and export.
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For the edible oil refining industry the most important quality criteria for crude oil are: low content of free fatty acids (which are costly to remove during oil refining), low content of products of oxidation (which generate off-flavors), readily removed color. The most critical stages to satisfy these criteria are: bunch sterilization as soon as possible after harvest; and effective clarification and drying of the crude oil after extraction.
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In the United States, palm oil is used primarily in processed foods in which a solid fat is required. In many products, palm oil is used together with soy, canola, or other oil. In some foods, such as Nabisco Golden Oreos, Newman’s Own Organics Alphabet Cookies, or Devonsheer Classic Original Water Crackers, palm is the major oil or the only oil.
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The current estimated annual production capacity of RSPO-certified production units, 4.2 million tons of sustainable palm oil, equals about 9 percent of global production, estimated to be about 46 million tons annually. Only one organization represented on the board management of the RSPO has an interest in ensuring the palm oil becomes sustainable. NGOs and small growers are outnumbered three to one on the board.
DURA
TENERA
PISIFERA
PALM OIL MARKET TRENDS
Palm oil is forecast to be the world’s most produced and
internationally traded edible oil by 2012. Malaysia and Indonesia account for 83
percent of production and 89 percent of global exports. Palm oil, one of the
world’s leading agricultural commodities, is widely used as a food ingredient
and cooking oil. For some organizations, although less harmful than partially
hydrogenated vegetable oil, it is far more conducive to heart disease than such
heart-protective liquid oils as olive, soy, and canola, and the vast plantations
that grow oil palm trees have contributed to the destruction of the rainforest
and wildlife of Southeast Asia. However, those effects are not broadly
recognized in the countries that finance, import, and trade in palm oil. The
annual production capacity of RSPO-certified production units was at 4.2 million
tons, or 9% of the world's palm oil production of 46 million tons with Malaysia
contributing about 2.25 million tons. Only one organization represented on the
board management of the RSPO has any interest in ensuring the palm oil becomes
sustainable. NGOs and small growers are outnumbered three to one on the board.
RSPO is an association created by organizations carrying out their activities in
and around the entire supply chain for palm oil to promote the growth and use of
sustainable palm oil through co-operation within the supply chain.
PALM OIL PRODUCTION
Palm oil with an annual production of 25-27 million tons is second most produced
oil in the world. Malaysia (13 million tons) and Indonesia (10 million tons) are
the major producers and together account for 85% of production. The remainder of
the world’s palm oil is produced in other humid tropical countries, such as
Cameroon, Nigeria, Colombia, and Papua New Guinea, frequently by companies with
large Malaysian investment or ownership. The oil palm industry in Malaysia and
Indonesia is financed by the state, international private banks, and the
international donor community including the World Bank. Malaysia is expected to
maintain its position as the world's largest producer of Certified Sustainable
Palm Oil (CSPO) given continued support from the country's oil palm companies
and the government. Currently, Malaysia contributes over 50% of CSPO in the
world, followed by Indonesia at 35% and the remaining from Papua New Guinea,
West Africa and South America.
DEMAND FOR PALM
OIL
The world’s biggest importers of palm oil are India, China,
and Pakistan, followed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Egypt, and
Germany. China's purchases of palm oil account for one-third of global
purchases. Global demand for palm oil could rise to 49.9 million tons. Important
global corporate consumers of palm oil are Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Cognis,
Cargill, and Archer Daniels Midland (through Wilmar Trading). Cargill has
announced that the palm oil products it supplies to its customers in Europe,
United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand will be certified by the
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and/or originated from smallholder
growers by 2015 (excludes palm kernel oil products). This commitment will be
extended across all Cargill's oil and trading businesses to cover 100 percent of
its palm oil products and all customers worldwide – including China and India –
by 2020. Because of the impending trans-fat labeling regulation, many food
manufacturers are seeking alternatives to partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.
If companies replaced the 2.5 billion pounds of partially hydrogenated oil used
annually in foods needing a solid fat with palm oil, U.S. palm oil imports would
triple.
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1. We expect all sellers of commodities (including crude palm oil) and their representatives to be registered and licensed companies.
2. Before the offer of any company can be considered, it must also provide
evidence of registration with the US FDA (United States Food and Drug
Administration).
3. Once a company meets these requirements, discussion will then focus on
the quality of the commodities and the seller's ability to follow
international and standard procedure.
FOR
MORE INFORMATION
We support fair trade and compliance with environmental standards and better pay
to Third World producers in international trade relations.
More on Palm Oil
It is generally agreed that the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
originated in the tropical rain forest region of West Africa. The main belt runs
through the southern latitudes of Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo and into the equatorial region of Angola and the
Congo. Processing oil palm fruits for edible oil has been practiced in Africa
for thousands of years, and the oil produced, highly colored and flavored, is an
essential ingredient in much of the traditional West African cuisine.
Modern high-yielding varieties developed by breeding programs, under
ideal climatic conditions and good management, are capable of producing in
excess of 20 tons of bunches/ha/yr, with palm oil in bunch content of 25
percent. This is equivalent to a yield of 5 tons oil/ha/yr (excluding the palm
kernel oil), which far outstrips any other source of edible oil.
The wild palm oil groves of Central and West Africa consists mainly of a
thick-shelled variety with a thin mesocarp, called Dura. Breeding work,
particularly crosses between Dura and a shell-less variety (Pisifera), have led
to the development of a hybrid with a much thicker mesocarp and a thinner shell,
termed Tenera. All breeding and planting programs now use this latter type, the
fruits of which have a much higher content of palm oil than the native Dura.
Palm oil gives the highest yield of oil per unit area compared to any other crop
and produces.
From the health
perspective, liquid soybean oil is certainly better than palm oil, and palm oil
is certainly better than partially hydrogenated soybean oil. From the
environmental perspective, pollution or destruction of irreplaceable habitat by
soybeans or oil palm is equally tragic.
The Netherlands has committed to only using palm oil certified under the
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) by 2015, providing a huge boost for
the certification standard which aims to improve the social and environmental
performance of the world's most productive oil crop. The pledge makes the
Netherlands the first country to commit itself to using only sustainable palm
oil. Dutch businesses are Europe's largest importer and exporter of palm oil
(about 2 million tons annually) with much of it going into products sold
throughout the European Union. There are more sustainable methods of growing
palm oil, and quantities of it are being produced, but very few companies are
actually buying it. It is about 35% more expensive than regular palm oil.
It is certainly possible for the palm oil industry to grow its product in
a sustainable manner. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF, known in
the United States as World Wildlife Fund), sustainability would involve certain
key elements:
● no destruction of natural forests ● no burning for land clearing ●
watercourse protection by buffer zones of natural vegetation ● integrated pest
management to reduce pesticide use ● proper treatment of mill effluent and other
wastes ● respect for customary land-use rights of local communities ●
transparency in companies’ environmental and social policies and practices, with
high-level standards of practice and independent monitoring and verification.
ITB Holdings is an independent American brokerage firm specializing in commodities trading (cocoa & coffee beans, crude palm oil + other soft commodities) and US FDA registration. We speak English, French and Dutch for your convenience.
